Apparatus for freezing fluids



Dec. 12, 1950 E. H. PACE ETAL APPARATUS FOR FREEZING FLUIDS Filed June 50, 1945 2 Sheetg-Sheet l [NVENTOES ED an? H. PACE Mac h! Pncs Haze/5, m fbsm?& H pe/s F02 7745 HEM ATTOEA/Eflf Dec. 12, 1950 A A E PACE ETAL 2,533,616

- APPARATUS FOR FREEZING FLUIDS Filed Juhe 50, 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I 23 g6 141 I 48 a2 142 INVENTOPS ED642111 84c:

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fbe HE FI'PM Patented Dec. 12, 1950 Edgar. H. Pace,.Montebello, and Mac HJPace, Whittier, Calif.

Application June-30, 1945, Serial No. coastal 9.. Claims.

Qt rlinvention-relatesin. general to.- a method; oiand apnara us or:freezing fluids. andthe prese entsp cification includ aipa ularwap i n. fte xempl embodiment of. the invention. to... th e,.;pr.0dli.ction of ice wherein; the. fluidlto-..be frozenis, water, Themarticular applicatienland exemplary. embodiment. disclosed. herein, are in. tendedta enable tho ewproficient in the artto; practicehese andr rio srother mbodiments of. andiapplications. for; ourrunderlyingi inventive. concepts.

Perhaps; the. mcstnnir rsally accepted. method of. producing ice cornmerciallyr involves; therime l mersion. oferelatiyely largebody; of water. in, a a suitable refri erant, to. form a block of ice. which 1 ay weigh. s veral; 1 hundred; pounds: Al h ugh the surface portions of the .bod-ywofi Water', being incloseproximi y to.;the. refri eranti may; freeze at; arelatiyel-y rapid ra etthelovwtherm l conducs tivity' of the surface lay r of ic .whicnis formed in. this mannensorednces;therate of heat. transferfrom thecentral portion of the bodyofwaterz that the remainder: .oiithefreezing, operation re.-

quires an. extensive period; 013.. time; Since t the.

waterrbeingufrozcn ordinarilywcontains;various impurities,.the.resultinsblock of; iceis fre'quentlm opaque; an; undesirable; characteristic; for: many; appiicationsofithe.10s,;. During the freezing-pp. eration; theacentrali portionof the. bodyof water tends to circulates-because:lofrthe temperature;

gradients thereini thus. carrying the: impurities towardr thejcenter ofsthee bodyofgwater .and ref-.1

suiting a. block. of. ice.- of non-uniformopacity...

' Manyapplicationsof; ice require that the blocks or iceformedrin. the foregoingmanner. be reduced sults; in. theadestruction of. alargepercentage-of eachiblockiin-theform.of particles which-are re moved by. thesaw blades. Sincethe iceunitsare; frequently employedqfor chilling beveragesre for example, Qlearmunitsare desirable and are ordizn-arily not. obtainable by conventional methods. 5.0

v the-foregoingconsiderations one-of: the primar -,o bjec,tives of, .our inyenti'on. is-the .1 pmt n mtamethodot and. appa atus; for. 1 110; clucing unitsgoffnozen.fluid atua faster; rate than;

isncssiblemithccnventionalmethcds1.1; Wepte enu clear.surtacewlayer and: colored corn-with a 2; to achieve this objective. by employing a freezing, unit which may, beimmersed in a suitablerefrigerantand which includes one or more tubes of a. relatively, small cross section which are adaptedofor;receiyingl the fluid to be frozen, the

oesiredzcrosssectional.configuration.of. the frozen units and; may be:=..cir.cular;. square, rectangular... etc; When. the freezing-,unitis immersed inthe refrigerant, thezwaterthe tubes conge'als to form frozen-mods. having the :desiredQcros's-sec tional. shape..an obiectiveofourlinventionlbeing...

the provision of a means for severing the rods. into units-ofthe desiredsize...

Another primary objective .of our. invention is. the provision. of. .aimethod. of. and means for cir culating the. primaryifluidcwithin. the schemes ing the freezing operationtfor thepurpose offree movingioreignmatter. andliimpurit'ies from the frozen. rods. Wenontempleit achievingth'e' latter. objective. by introducing. a circulating fiiii'di" such as air into the tubes to circulate the primary, fluidtherein, thus,..preventing entrapment oiany foreign matter, in the frozen fluid; We further contemplate. a, method. wherein the. 116w ofthe? circulating .fluidds terminated prior to completion of. the freezing operation .thlus,.permittingany. foreign matter.- in. the. centriaLportio'n of the pri; mary'fluid in the tubeato become; entrapped" to. form frozen: rods with .a. clear. surface layer and"! anlopaque core. The. freezing .operationmay, also. beterminated prior to completion thereof to pro; vide hollow or tubulanrods-if desiredrI A further;prirnary objectiveuof; our invention includes the, introductionof coloringcmatter into I the primary. fluid to be. frozen-to produce: col'oredn rods which may be severed into units of the def sired. size. We .contemplate.. introducing .a cir culating fluidinto :thewtubes of the. freezingpunita during-various.portiongotthla freezing operation toprevent, entrapment of thecoloring matter in. the frozen primary fluid. and contemplate ;.ter.- minating them circulatiom during, other.v portions; of. the. freezing operation. to permitsentrapmentt of the. coloring mattera In.- thissmannen; for :GXA amp1e.;..1-0dS-1 andwunitsimaylibe produced. .itli;

colored surface layer and a clear core, or with alternate layers of clear and colored i'rozen fluid, the provision of such frozen units being an additional objective of our invention.

A realization of the foregoing objectives of our invention may be realized by the provision of a method of and apparatus for refrigerating the freezing unit, introducing the clear or colored primary fluid into the tubes of the freezing unit, circulating the primary fluid in the tubes during the desired portion or portions of the freezing operation, thawing the freezing unit to release the rods from the tubes, and severing the rods to form units of frozen primary fluid of the desired size.

An additional primary objective of our invention is to provide an apparatus of the foregoing general character which is adapted for partially or fully automatic operation.

The foregoing and various other objectives and advantages of our invention may be realized by means of the aforesaid exemplary embodiment which is described in the subsequent disclosure and shown in the accompanying drawings, which are for illustrative purposes only, wherein:

Fig. 1 is an elevatlonal view of the exemplary embodiment of our invention with portions thereof being shown in section;

Fig. 2 is an end view of the freezing unit, taken in the direction of the arrows intersecting the broken line 2-2 of Fig. 1, and illustrates means for filling and thawing the tubes thereof;

Fig. 3 is an end view of the opposite end of the freezing unit and illustrates meansfor introducing the circulating fluid into the tubes;

Fig. 4 is an elevational view of means for severing rods of frozen primary fluid;

Fig. 5 is an elevational view of means for effecting automatic operation of the freezing apparatus;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken as indicated b the broken line 6-6 of Fig. 5; r a

Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic view of an electrical circuit for effecting automatic operation of the freezing apparatus; and

Figs. 8 and 9 are perspective views illustrating exemplary units of frozen primary fluid which may be produced by the freezing method and apparatus. I

Referring to the freezing apparatus in general, the apparatus includes a freezing unit which is indicated by the numeral Hi and includes a plurality of tubes having circular bores l2 therethrough. The freezing unit I0 is attached to a receptacle I3 for a refrigerant M by a pivot 16 and is provided with means I? for effecting inclination thereof relative to the refrigerant receptacle i3. The inclining means I! is adapted to lower the freezing unit I0 into a freezing position wherein the unit It) is disposed in the receptacle |3 as indicated in phantom in Fig. 1, and is adapted to elevate the freezing unit |0 into a harvesting position as illustrated in solid lines.

The freezing apparatus is provided with means I 8 for introducing the fluid to be frozen, or primary fluid, into the tubes II and is provided with means IQ for circulating the primary fluid within the tubes H, the circulating means I9 being adapted to introduce a circulating fluidthe tubes I when the unit I!) is in the harvesting position, the frozen rods 22 thereafter being cut into suitable lengths by severing means 23 to produce units 24' and 26 of frozen primary fluid as illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9. V The thawing means 2| is preferably adapted to spray a thawing fluid such as hot water or steam over the freezing unit Hi to thaw the surface of the frozen rods 22 to effect their release from the tubes H.

We prefer to adapt the freezing apparatus for fully automatic operation and have provided an electrical timing device 21 for actuating the various components of the apparatus at the proper intervals in the operating cycle thereof, the timing device 27 being connected to the aforesaid components by an electrical circuit which is indicated generally by the numeral 28.

Referring to the structure of the freezing apparatus in detail, the tubes ll of the freezing unit H] are secured in spaced relationship by end plates 3| and 32 many desired manner, the end plates 3| and 32 being interconnected by a drain plate 33 which serves to direct the thawing fluid to a drain tube 34 to prevent entrance of the thawing fluid into the refrigerant receptacle l3. The thawing fluid may be conducted to any desired disposal point by the drain tube 34, only a fragment of the tube 34 being illustrated for the purpose of preservin the clarity of the drawings. One end 36 of each tube H is enclosed by a cap 31, or the like, each cap 31 being provided with an orifice 38 therethrough of an appropriate size to regulate the flow of circulating fluid into the tubes H from the circulating means I9. The opposite end 39 of each tube communicates with the means |8 for introducing the primary fluid into the tubes The inclining means I! includes a cable 4|, or the like, which is secured to the freezing unit l0 and is trained over pulleys 42 and 43 and a drum 44. The latter is driven by a reversible electric motor 46 which is connected to the timing device 27 by conductor 41, 4B, and 49 which are included in the electrical circuit 28.

When current flows through the conductors 41 and, the motor 44 lowers the freezing unit I0 into the freezing position, and when the conductors 41 and 49 are energized the freezing unit |0 is elevated into the harvesting position as will be described in detail hereinafter.

The means I8 for introducing the primary fluid into the tubes includes a filler tube 5| having branches 52 which are secured to the ends 39 of the tubes II and which communicate with the bores [2 thereof through opening 53.

The filler tube 5| is'connected to a primary fluid supply line 54 which is in turn connected to a suitable source of primary fluid (not shown), the primary fluid bein either colored or colorless as desired. The supply line 54 is provided with a valve 56 therein, the latter being adapted for actuation by a solenoid 51 which is connected to the timing device 21by conductors 58 and 59.

The circulating means I 9 includes a supply tube 6| having branches 62 which are secured to the caps 3'! enclosing the ends 36 of the tubes each branch 62 being in communication with one of the tube bores l2 through one'of the orifices 38. to permit introduction of the circulating fluid at a rate consistent with the desired circulation rate of the primary fluid within the tubes The supply tube 6| is connected to a supply line 63 which i in turn connected to a suitable source The latter are of an appropriate size 5 tit e. ir u 'i iii flu t t tre he er?- ieii gt e n nre r bl be ng m l d i rhas l l i tii inr ided tb a ve therein, the latter beingadapted for actuation bya sole l9idswhich is connected to the timing "deri i' by qe s uet r 5 a d 6 The thawing means 2| includes spray tubesf69 wh ia ena ta h b a ke path a d plates3l and 32 pf the freezing unit I 0 by pivots .1 e. s r y tube ,69 ha n er e i n 12 h re nto sp a th t wing fl v t etube II as nd ca e atfit' f a ..i b, 5 .9 .79 epnneet smo. a suppl l ne l chin tur connected to ,a thawing fluid source (not shown) th th i fl d. e ng hot wa rqr steam, or exam le. whe he r m ry idis w ,lb supply n 1. s. ro d dni a valve, .16. h ie .;the.. atter be uab ebx a ss'ilenoid .1] nbich qn q ed t th mingi eyi e- 1 y conductors, 18 and T9. In order to insure that the spray I3 contacts all pf the tubes II uniformly, the spray tubes 6}! are-preferably adapted for oscillation by an oscillating mechanism 8|. The latter includes an electric motor 82 which is connectedto the timing device Z'I by conductors 83 and 84, themotor 82, being .mounted on a support. 85 which is secured to the freezingunlt -L0 and being adapted to drive a rotaryplate 86. flhe rotary-plate 86 is connected to a reciprocable member 8] by'a pivotallirrk 88, the reciprocable member .81 be s pp r e y .aj facket 99 a beingpivotally.connected. to arms 90 which are connected to the spray tubes 69. As the motor 82 rotates, the spray tubes 69 oscillate to spray the tubes II with.thaw ing fluid in .a uniformmanner, the expended thawing fluid being carried to the drain tube 34 by the drain plate 33. A suitable reduction gearing 9| may be provided toeinterconnect the motor 82 and rotary plate 86 1i,f desired.

The severing means 23 includes a circular saw 92 which is driven by a motor 93, the latter bein connected to the timing device 27 by con- ,du'ctors94 and 96. The saw motor. 93 is attached toga reciprocable mount 91 which 'is provided with grooves 98 therein, the latter bein adapted for engagement witntracks 99 to permit reciprocation of the saw 92 relativeto the freezing unit I0 to. sever the frozen rods 22 into units 24 and 26, .The tracks 99 aresupported 'bya frame I0! which is'attached. to the refrigerant receptacle I3. The mount 9'! for the motor .93 is reciprocated by means of a lever I02 which is--pivotally attached to the refrigerant receptacle I3 at'I03 and is provided with an elongated slot I04 therein which accommodatesa peg I05 on the motor mountS'I. The lever I02 is-connected to a rotaryplate IOI by a pivotal link I08, the ro- ',ta ry pl ate I0'I being driven by an electric motor I09 through a reduction gear train III. The motor I09 is mountedon a bracket I I2 which is "attached to the refrigerant receptacle l3 and is connected to the timing device 27 by conductors I3 and III. fIhe motor I09 acts through the mechanism previously described to reciprocate the's aw '92, the sawmotor 93 and reciprocating motor I99 being adapted for simultaneous operationas will. bedescribed in detail hereinafter. the saw '92. savers the frozen rods 22, which slide 'gownwardly against a stop-plate H5, to foi rnjthe ice'unitsfZd and 25, the latterldrop into asuitable chutej I9 and are conducted thereby tqfiti'y d' sireu collection point (notlshown),

...J. ..d a te in re i "Yl iiatit atiiatibn is: "the fore oing thfiiiieifn'tfs 6f 'ti iefffeez'in'g afipartus according to "a pfdfetefi'diiid fse i'ieri'e ofjevents in the ope'r atirig cycle thereof, thetimin device 27 being edii'rieet'ed to thefafores'aid components by the various components or the electrical circuit 28 which 'have been :iri dicat d,jiireviolnly 'ljhe tin in'g nevi-be 21 is inounte'din fa Suitable rife-using III, which may be'disps'ed many suitable 1'0; cation and includes a timing plate II8 which is drivenby a motor H9 through a reduction gear trainJ 20 whichincludes gears IZI, I22, I23, and I24, thejiiietb I'I '9 beihgfconnected to a suitable sdurceo; power supply by conductors I25. The speed rduetioniofiered by the gear train I320 is pre erabl jsu ch that t'he length of the ee fat i 'e ele Q h eez g apparatus i s staiitially than to "the 'tinie required b errebt one'complete revolution of the. timing plate 'I I8 h- 'fie' ir ct ene t e e bw Z' The timing plate IQI8 is an electrical conductor and eon'iie'eted to a primary 'cdndiictor I21, 'bjv slidingleontact I28, the primary conductor 'I'2'I another primary conductor I29 being conliected ,teja fs'oiirce of "electrical power supply. "I'hefrnottir (is re; driving th'e timing plate us isfsho n ja's connected across the primary e611- ductors I21 and I29 by the conductors "I25, a main switch I30 being located in the rimary conductor |2 1. he timing finite Ila 'is 'prov deo wittj aisetiflcqntaet ba s I3I, I32, I33, I39, I35, and I38 ther''ohfwhich'are in the form of circularly grantee fse'gme'nts and r are electrically cti'nn'ectd to. the primary conductor I21 by th'e timing plate. N8, the mounting of the latter be- ;ii g suitably insulated. The contactbars I3I to I36 inclusive, jar'e 'adaptedjfor'slid'able engag mentw tnqeontaets In, I42, I43, 144, I45, and {(6, respectively, the latter bein mounted on the timer housing II! by suitable insulators 'I4'I. ,Thefeohtacts MI to I'46 ,inclus'i've, are connected totheprimary conductor I29 through the various f omponents of the electrieal'circuit 28.

Considering the components of the electrical circuit 28 indetail, the lowering circuitof the inclining means I! isc'orie'ctedto the'co nta't' I 9 I a jne ugi e the 'eoiiciuetor 41 and es and the reversible'inotor 46, the conductor jlilbeing eonriected to the primary conductor I29. The eleratin circuit of the inclining means I? is connected tofthe contact {96 and includes the conductors '97 "and}! land thereversible motor 45.

The circuit of the tube filling means I8 is con- 'ne'cted to the contact I42 and includes the Solohoid5]"andtheconductors 58'a'nd 59, the latter conductor being connected to the primary conductor I 29. The circuit of the circulating means :19 is connected to the 'co ntact I43 and includes the "solenoid 'fifi and the conductors 61 and 6 8, th e cqnductor 88 being connected to the primary conductor I29. I The'circuit of tlietha'wing means 2| is connectedlto the'contact I44 and'includes the conductor 18, the latter being connected to the soleid '11 andtothe'oscillatingmotor 82 through the conductor 89. he solen0id I1 and oscillating motor 82 are connected to the primary conductor I29 by the; conductors I9 and 84, respectively, It will be apparent that the solenoid fl fl and motor 82 are connected in parallel to provideforsimultaneous oscillation of the spray tubesjg and discharge of the thawing fluid e1= The circuit -gt,the severi g means 23 is con-- .i ..-..een g I 4 am mel he 93 and to the conductor H3, the latter being connected to the motor I09 for reciprocating the saw 92.

The saw motor 93 and reciprocating motor- I09 are each connected to the primary conductor I29 by conductors 96 and H4, respectively, the parallel connection of the motors 93 and I09 being provided to effect simultaneous rotation and reciprocation of the circular saw 92. The foregoing freezing apparatus is an exemplary embodiment of our invention which is adapted for accomplishing the various steps of our method of freezing fluids which were outlined previously. The operationof the exemplary embodiment of the freezing apparatus may best be described by considering the sequence of events of the operating cycle thereof as determined by the timing device 21, the initial position of the freezing apparatus being taken as the harvesting position after completion of the preceding harvesting operation. The description of the operation of the freezing apparatus will 'be limited to the aforesaid exemplary application of the invention for convenience with no intention of limiting the scope .of the invention thereto. Water will be employed as the primary fluid and, for example, air and water may be employed as the circulating and thawin fluids respectively. I

.As the timing plate .I I8 is driven by the mowhich determines the length of the contact bar I3I. As indicated in phantom in Fig. 1, the freezing unit In is preferably not completely immersed in the refrigerant I4 so that the ends 39 of the tubes II are above the surface of the refrigerant I 4 for reasons which will be stated hereinafter.

After the freezing unit I0 has been lowered into the refrigerant receptacle I3, the contact 1 bar I32 engages the contact I42 to close the circuit of the means I8 for introducing water into the tubes II of the freezing unit I0. The solenoid 51 is energized and opens the valve 55 to permit water to enter the tubes II through the supply line 54, the length of the contact bar I32 being determined by thetime required to fill the tubes II. The overlap of the contact bars I SI and I32 is not essential and has been included to expedite filling of the tubes II.

While the tubes II are being filled with water, or thereafter, the contact bar I33 engages the contact I43 to close the circuit of the means I9 for introducing air into the tubes II. noid 66 is energized and opens the valve 04 to introduce air in to the ends 36 of the tubes II through the supply line 63. The air traverses the tubes II and escapes from the ends 39 thereof, thus circulating the water therein to produce' clear ice as the refrigerant I4 causes the water in the tubes II to congeal. Since the tubes I I are preferably not completely immersed in the refrigerant I4, the water adjacent the ends 39 thereof does not'ireeze completely and serves to accumulate foreign matter delivered by the circulating air. The reason that the water in the nonsubmerged portions of the tubes I I does not freeze, or freezes only partially, is, of course, that heat must be conducted there-- The sole- 8 from to the refrigerant I4 along paths of much greater length than the paths along which heat is conducted from the water in the submerged portions of the tubes. As will be apparent, the lengths of the paths along which heat is conducted from the water in thesubmerged portions of the tubes II are equal only to the wall thickness of the tubes, whereas the lengths of the paths along which heat is conducted from the water in the nonsubmerged portions'of the tubes are equal to the wall thickness of the tubes plus the lengths of the nonsubmerged tube portions in contact with the water therein.

The length and configuration ofthe contact bar 533 determines the character of the ice rods 22. As illustrated, the contact bar I33 termi hates at 533a to terminate the flow of circulating air during the freezing event of the operating cycle, thus producing an ice rod 22 which, when severed, results in an ice unit 26 (Fig. 9) having a clear surface layer I5I and an opaque core I52 if foreign matter is present in the water. Should the freezing event be terminated when the contact I43 reaches the end I33a of the contact bar I33, the resulting ice unit 26 will be tubular and will be formed of clear ice I5I." If coloring matter, such as a food coloring, is introduced into the water being frozen, the resulting ice unit 26 will have a clear surface layer l5| and a colored core I52. It will be apparent that by varying the angular position of the contact bar'l33're1ativeto the timing plate H8, the initial flow of circulating air may be delayed until an ice rod (not shown) with a colored'or opaque surface layer and a clear core is produced. Similarly, by providing a contact bar I33 which includes several separate spaced segments (not shown), the flow of circulating air may alternately be started and terminated during the freezing event to produce an ice rod with alternate layers of clear and colored, or opaque ice.

After the water in the tubes II has been frozen to the desired extent, the contact bar I36 engages the contact I48 to close the elevating circuit of the inclining means Il, thus energizing the motor 46 which elevates the freezing unit I0 into the harvesting position The angular position of the contact bar I36 relative to he timing plate H8 is determined by the time required to freeze the water in the tubes II to the desired extent and the length thereof is determined by the time required to elevate the freezing unit I0.

While the freezing unit I0 being elevated, or thereafter, the contact bar I34 engages the contact I44 to close the circuit of the thawing means 2|, thus energizing the thawing water valve TI and oscillating motor 82 simultaneously. The thawing water is sprayed over the tubes II by the oscillating spray tubes 69 to thaw .the surface of the ice rods 22, the expended thawing water being drained through the drain tube 34. The ice rods 22 are thus released from the tubes II and slide downwardly against the stop plate H5, the position of the later relative to the freezing unit I0 being determined by the desired length of the ice units 24 and 25.

After the ice rods 22 have been released in this manner, the contact bar I35 engages the contact I45 to close the circuit of the severing means 23, thus energizing the sawing motor 93 and saw reciprocating motor I09. The saw 92 repeatedly traverses the ice rods 22 to sever them into ice units 24 or 26 as the ice rods 22 continue to slide to said receptacle between a freezing position in which atleast a portion of said unit is disposed in said receptacle and a harvesting position in i which said unit is removed from said receptacle;

emerges from said unit; and timing means for controlling the operation of said thawing means and said cuttin means, to actuate the same only when said unit is in said harvesting position.

7. In an apparatus for freezing a liquid, the combination of a freezing unit adapted to receivea liquid to be frozen, said freezing unit being movable between a freezing position and a harvesting position; means for introducing said liquid into said unit when said unit is in said freezing position; means for refrigerating said 'unitwhen it is in said freezing position so as to freeze said liquid; means for spraying said unit with a thawin fluid when said unit is in said harvesting position to release frozen liquid therefrom; and means for oscillating said spraying means.

8. In an apparatus for freezing a primary fluid, the combination of: an open-ended freez- 12 freezing unit when it is stationary in said freezing position at said freezing station so as to freeze the primary fluid therein; and means for applying a thawing fluid to said freezing unit when it is in said havesting position so as to release the frozen primary fluid.

9. An apparatus as set forth in claim 8 including means for introducing a circulating fluid into said freezing unit during refrigeration thereof with said freezing unit in said freezing position.

EDGAR I-I. PACE. MAC H. PACE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 236,647 Sweeney Jan. 11, 1881 1,882,290 Meagher Oct. 11, 1932 1,925,616 Velut Sept. 5, 1933 1,997,341 Perman Apr. 9, 1935 2,026,227 Foraker Dec. 31, 1935 2,117,658 Gilliam May 17, 1938 2,133,521 Wussow et a1. Oct. 18, 1938 2,200,424 Kubaugh May 14, 1940 2,252,913 Baer Aug. 19, 1941 2,264,971 Glennan Dec. 2, 1941 2,285,149 DAroey June 2, 1942 2,324,395 Hoop July 13, 1943 2,368,675 Mufily Feb. 6, 1945 2,374,997 Hill May 1, 1945 2,431,278 Raver Nov. 18, 1947 2,435,286 Lucia Feb. 3, 1948 Loyez Feb. 22, 1949 Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,533,616 December 12, 1950 EDGAR H. PACE ET AL.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requirlng correction as follows:

Column 6, line 45, for conected read connected column 10, line 8, before the word unit insert said; line 17, for removably read mooably;

and that the said Letters Patent should be read as corrected above, so that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Otfice.

Signed and sealed this 13th day of February, A. 1951.

[sun] THOMAS F. MURPHY,

Assistant Commissioner of Patents. 

